Terms and Definition

Anti Virus Program

• Antivirus or anti-virus software (often abbreviated as AV), sometimes known as anti-malware software, is computer software used to prevent, detect and remove malicious software.

Applet

• An applet is any small application that performs one specific task that runs within the scope of a dedicated widget engine or a larger program, often as a plug-in. The term is frequently used to refer to a Java applet, a program written in the Java programming language that is designed to be placed on a web page. Applets are typical examples of transient and auxiliary applications that don't monopolize the user's attention. Applets are not full-featured application programs, and are intended to be easily accessible.

Archive

• An archive is an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the function of that person or organization. Professional archivists and historians generally understand archives to be records that have been naturally and necessarily generated as a product of regular legal, commercial, administrative, or social activities. They have been metaphorically defined as "the secretions of an organism", and are distinguished from documents that have been consciously written or created to communicate a particular message to posterity.

ASCII

• ASCII  abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, although they support many additional characters

Band Width

• Bandwidth is also defined as the amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time. For digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second(bps) or bytes per second. For analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz).

Baud Rate

• The baud rate is the rate at which information is transferred in a communication channel. In the serial port context, "9600 baud" means that the serial port is capable of transferring a maximum of 9600 bits per second.

Bulletin Board System

• A bulletin board system or BBS is a computer server running software that allows users to connect to the system using a terminal program. Once logged in, the user can perform functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users through email, public message boards, and sometimes via direct chatting. Many BBSes also offer on-line games in which users can compete with each other, and BBSes with multiple phone lines often provide chat rooms, allowing users to interact with each other. Bulletin board systems were in many ways a precursor to the modern form of the World Wide Web, social networks, and other aspects of the Internet. Low-cost, high-performance modems drove the use of online services and BBSes through the early 1990s. Infoworld estimated that there were 60,000 BBSes serving 17 million users in the United States alone in 1994, a collective market much larger than major online services such as CompuServe.

Binary

• In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one).The base-2 numeral system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Each digit is referred to as a bit. Because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices.

Bitmap

• In computing, a bitmap is a mapping from some domain (for example, a range of integers) to bits (values which are zeros and ones). It is also called a bit array or bitmap index.

Blogs

• A blog is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries

Bookmark

• When referring to an Internet browser, a bookmark or electronic bookmark is a method of saving a web page's address. While using most browsers, pressing Ctrl+D will bookmark the page you are viewing. Users running Microsoft Internet Explorer can think of a bookmark as a favorite, which is what Microsoft uses to describe a bookmark

Bounce

• An internet networking term for masking connections, or sometimes a synonym for reset when applied as a verb to a internet server

Bug

• A software bug is an error, flaw, failure or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways.

Byte

• The byte  is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. The size of the byte has historically been hardware dependent and no definitive standards existed that mandated the size – byte-sizes from 1 to 48 bits are known to have been used in the past. The modern de-facto standard of eight bits, as documented in ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, is a convenient power of two permitting the values 0 through 255 for one byte.The international standard IEC 80000-13 codified this common meaning. Many types of applications use information representable in eight or fewer bits and processor designers optimize for this common usage. The popularity of major commercial computing architectures has aided in the ubiquitous acceptance of the eight-bit size.

Chain Letter

• A chain letter is a message that attempts to convince the recipient to make a number of copies of the letter and then pass them on to a certain number of recipients
  

Chat

• Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally short in order to enable other participants to respond quickly.

Chat Room

• The term chat room, or chatroom, is primarily used to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even asynchronous conferencing.

Client

• A client is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server. The server is often on another computer system, in which case the client accesses the service by way of a network.

Cookie

• An HTTP cookie (also called web cookie, Internet cookie, browser cookie, or simply cookie) is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored on the user's computer by the user's web browser while the user is browsing. Cookies were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember stateful information (such as items added in the shopping cart in an online store) or to record the user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, or recording which pages were visited in the past). They can also be used to remember arbitrary pieces of information that the user previously entered into form fields such as names, addresses, passwords, and credit card numbers.

Counter

• A counter circuit is usually constructed of a number of flip-flops connected in cascade. Counters are a very widely used component in digital circuits, and are manufactured as separate integrated circuits and also incorporated as parts of larger integrated circuits

Cyberspace

• Cyberspace is our interconnected technology. The term entered the popular culture from science fiction and the arts but is now used by technology strategists, security professionals, government, military and industry leaders and entrepreneurs to describe the domain of the global technology environment. Others consider cyberspace to be just a notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs.[1] The word became popular in the 1990s when the uses of the Internet, networking, and digital communication were all growing dramatically and the term "cyberspace" was able to represent the many new ideas and phenomena that were emerging.[2] It has been called the largest unregulated and uncontrolled domain in the history of mankind[3], and is also unique because it is a domain created by people vice the traditional physical domains.

Database

• A database is an organized collection of data. A relational database, more restrictively, is a collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other elements.

Dedicated Line

• In computer networks and telecommunications, a dedicated line is a communications cable or other facility dedicated to a specific application, in contrast with a shared resource such as the telephone network or the Internet

Dial Up

• Dial-up Internet access is a form of Internet access that uses the facilities of the public switched telephone network to establish a connection to an Internet service provider by dialing a telephone number on a conventional telephone line

Domain Name

• A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System

Download

• In computer networks, to download is to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar systems. This contrasts with uploading, where data is sent to a remote server.

E-mail

• Electronic Mail is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices. Email first entered substantial use in the 1960s and by the mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email.

Ethernet

• Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks, metropolitan area networks and wide area networks.

Firewall

• In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Flame

• Flaming is a hostile and insulting interaction between persons over the internet, often involving the use of profanity. It can also be the swapping of insults back and forth or with many people teaming up on a single victim.

Freeware

• Freeware is software that is available for use at no monetary cost. In other words, while freeware may be used without payment it is most often proprietary software, as usually modification, re-distribution or reverse-engineering without the author's permission is prohibited.

File Transfer Protocol

• The File Transfer Protocol is the standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network

Graphic Interchange Format

• The Graphics Interchange Format is a bitmap image format that was developed by a team at the bulletin board service provider CompuServe led by American computer scientist Steve Wilhite on June 15, 1987.

Gigabyte

• The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix giga means 10⁹ in the International System of Units. Therefore, one gigabyte is 1000000000bytes. The unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB

Hacker

• A security hacker is someone who seeks to breach defenses and exploit weaknesses in a computer system or network

Header

• In information technology, header refers to supplemental data placed at the beginning of a block of data being stored or transmitted. In data transmission, the data following the header are sometimes called the payload or body.

Hits

• A hit is a request to a web server for a file, like a web page, image, JavaScript, or Cascading Style Sheet. When a web page is downloaded from a server the number of "hits" or "page hits" is equal to the number of files requested

Home Page

• A home page or a start page is the initial or main web page of a website or a browser. The initial page of a website is sometimes called main page as well.

Host

• A network host is a computer or other device connected to a computer network. A network host may offer information resources, services, and applications to users or other nodes on the network. A network host is a network node that is assigned a network layer host address

Hypertext Markup Language

• Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets and JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

• The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.

Hyperlink

• In computing, a hyperlink, or simply a link, is a reference to data that the reader can directly follow either by clicking, tapping, or hovering. A hyperlink points to a whole document or to a specific element within a document.

Hypertext

• Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references to other text that the reader can immediately access, or where text can be revealed progressively at multiple levels of detail.

Instant Messaging

• Instant messaging is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet. A LAN messenger operates in a similar way over a local area network.

Intranet

• An intranet is a private network accessible only to an organisation's staff. Generally a wide range of information and services from the organization's internal IT systems are available that would not be available to the public from the Internet.

IP Number

• An Internet Protocol address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication

Internet Relay Chat

• Internet Relay Chat is an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client/server networking model. IRC clients are computer programs that a user can install on their system. 

Integrated Services Digital Network

• Integrated Services Digital Network is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.

Internet Service Provider

• An Internet service provider is an organization that provides services accessing and using the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

Java

• Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible

Joints Photographic Experts Group

• Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group." JPEG is a popular image file format. It is commonly used by digital cameras to store photos since it supports 224 or 16,777,216 colors. The format also supports varying levels of compression, which makes it ideal for web graphics.

Keyword

• A word used in a text search. A word in a text document that is used in an index to best describe the contents of the document. A reserved word in a programming or command language.

Kilobyte

• The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The International System of Units defines the prefix kilo as 1000; therefore one kilobyte is 1000 bytes. The internationally recommended unit symbol for the kilobyte is kB.

Local Area Network

• A local area network is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.

Link

• A connection in general

Load

• The application of an extra amount of something to balance some other factor.

Location

• Location header field is returned in responses from an HTTP server under two circumstances

Log In

• In computer security, logging in is the process by which an individual gains access to a computer system by identifying and authenticating themselves

Lurking

• Lurking is a slang term for when an individual reads a message board without posting or engaging with the community. Lurking is sometimes encouraged by forum moderators as a way for new members to get a sense of the community and etiquette before participating

Mailing List

• A mailing list is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients. The term is often extended to include the people subscribed to such a list, so the group of subscribers is referred to as "the mailing list", or simply "the list".

Megabyte

• The megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. Its recommended unit symbol is MB. The unit prefix mega is a multiplier of 1000000 in the International System of Units.

Mirror

• A reflective surface, now typically of glass coated with a metal amalgam, that reflects a clear image.

Modem

• A modem is a network hardware device that modulates one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information.

Mud Object Oriented

• A MOO (MUD, object-oriented[1][2]) is a text-based online virtual reality system to which multiple users (players) are connected at the same time.

Multi-user Dungeon Dimension

• A MUD (/ˈmʌd/; originally Multi-User Dungeon, with later variants Multi-User Dimension and Multi-User Domain), is a multiplayer real-time virtual world, usually text-based. MUDs combine elements of role-playing games, hack and slash, player versus player, interactive fiction, and online chat. Players can read or view descriptions of rooms, objects, other players, non-player characters, and actions performed in the virtual world. Players typically interact with each other and the world by typing commands that resemble a natural language.

Net

• A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server. The Internet itself can be considered a computer network.

Netiquette

• The word netiquette is a combination of 'net' (from internet) and 'etiquette'. It means respecting other users' views and displaying common courtesy when posting your views to online discussion groups.

Netizen

• A user of the Internet, especially a habitual or avid one

Network

• A computer network or data network is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, networked computing devices exchange data with each other using a data link

Newbie/New Bug

• A newbie ( pronounced NOO-bee ) is a novice or neophyte: anyone who is new to any particular type of endeavor, such as a sport or a technology. The term is commonly applied to new users of personal computers and to new users of the Internet.

News Group

• A Usenet newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users in different locations using Internet

Network News Transfer Protocol

• The Network News Transfer Protocol is an application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles between news servers and for reading and posting articles by end user client applications

Online

• In computer technology and telecommunications, online indicates a state of connectivity, and offline indicates a disconnected state, specifically an internet connection. Online and offline are defin Standard 1037C

Password

• A password is a word or string of characters used for user authentication to prove identity or access approval to gain access to a resource, which is to be kept secret from those not allowed access. The use of passwords is known to be ancient.

Platform

• A web media delivery software company

Plug In

• In computing, a plug-in is a software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program. When a program supports plug-ins, it enables customization.

Post Office Protocol

• In computing, the Post Office Protocol is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.

Port

• In the internet protocol suite, a port is an endpoint of communication in an operating system. While the term is also used for female connectors on hardware devices (see computer port), in software it is a logical construct that identifies a specific process or a type of network service

Post

• When power is turned on, POST (Power-On Self-Test) is the diagnostic testing sequence that a computer's basic input/output system (or "starting program") runs to determine if the computer keyboard, random access memory, disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly.

Protocol

• In information technology, a protocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols specify interactions between the communicating entities.

Push

• Push technology, or server push, is a style of Internet-based communication where the request for a given transaction is initiated by the publisher or central server

Query

• A precise request for information retrieval with database and information systems

Request For Comment

• A Request for Comments (RFC) is a formal document from the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) that is the result of committee drafting and subsequent review by interested parties. Some RFCs are informational in nature

Real Time

• In computer science, real-time computing, or reactive computing describes hardware and software systems subject to a "real-time constraint", for example from event to system response.

Rich

• Wealth is the abundance of valuable resources or valuable material possessions. This includes the core meaning as held in the originating old English word weal, which is from an Indo-European word stem.

Really Simple Syndication

• RSS is a type of web feed which allows users to access updates to online content in a standardized, computer-readable format. These feeds can, for example, allow a user to keep track of many different websites in a single news aggregator

Server

• In computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients"

Sharewhere

• Software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use.

Site

• An object that represents a geographic location that hosts networks

Standard Mail Transfer Protocol

• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (email) transmission. First defined by RFC 821 in 1982, it was last updated in 2008 with Extended SMTP additions by RFC 5321, which is the protocol in widespread use today

Spam

• Electronic spamming is the use of electronic messaging systems to send an unsolicited message (spam), especially advertising, as well as sending messages repeatedly on the same site. While the most widely recognized form of spam is email spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, online classified ads spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam, junk fax transmissions, social spam, spam mobile apps,television advertising and file sharing spam. It is named after Spam, a luncheon meat, by way of a Monty Python sketch about a restaurant that has spam in every dish and where patrons annoyingly shout spam over and over again.

Structured Query Language

• SQL is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system, or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system.

Surf

• To navigate through the World Wide Web or Internet, usually by clicking with a mouse. The term also has a generic meaning of spending time on the Internet.

System Operator

• a person who manages the operation of a computer system, such as a message board.

Transmission Control Protocol

• The Transmission Control Protocol is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the Internet Protocol.

Telnet

• Telnet is a protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection

Thread

• On the Internet in Usenet newsgroups and similar forums, a thread is a sequence of responses to an initial message posting. This enables you to follow or join an individual discussion in a newsgroup from among the many that may be there

Trojan Horse

• In computing, a Trojan horse, or Trojan, is any malicious computer program which misleads users of its true intent. The term is derived from the Ancient Greek story of the deceptive wooden horse that led to the fall of the city of Troy

Upload

• In computer networks, to upload is to send data to a remote system such as a server or another client so that the remote system can store a copy.

Unix/Onyx

• Unix is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others
• OnyX is a popular freeware utility for macOS developed by French developer Joël Barrière that is compatible with both PowerPC and Intel processors

Uniform Resource Locator

• A Uniform Resource Locator, colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it

Usenet

• Usenet is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose UUCP dial-up network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980.

User ID/ Username

• Unix-like operating systems identify a user within the kernel by a value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to user ID or UID.
• A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. Users generally use a system or a software product without the technical expertise required to fully understand it.

User Interface

• The user interface, in the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur

Virus

• A computer virus is a type of malicious software program that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code.

Web Master

• A webmaster (from web and master),is a person responsible for maintaining one or many websites

Web Browser

• A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.

Web Host

• A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via the World Wide Web.

Web Page

• A web page (also written as webpage) is a document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and web browsers. A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device. The web page usually means what is visible, but the term may also refer to a computer file, usually written in HTML or a comparable markup language. Web browsers coordinate various web resource elements for the written web page, such as style sheets, scripts, and images, to present the web page. Typical web pages provide hypertext that includes a navigation bar or a sidebar menu linking to other web pages via hyperlinks, often referred to as links.

Web Server

• A web server is a computer system that processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web.

Web Site

• A website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server.

World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.

Wysiwyg

• WYSIWYG (/ˈwɪziwɪɡ/ WIZ-ee-wig) is an acronym for "what you see is what you get". In computing, a WYSIWYG editor is a system in which content (text and graphics) can be edited in a form closely resembling its appearance when printed or displayed as a finished product, such as a printed document, web page, or slide presentation.

Extensible Markup Language

• In computing, Extensible Markup Language is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

XHTML

• Extensible Hypertext Markup Language is part of the family of XML markup languages. It mirrors or extends versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language, the language in which Web pages are formulated